Good morning. I'm delighted to be here this morning, as Accounting Technicians Ireland unveils its new identity program-to show IFAC's support for the work you are doing and to recognize the increasingly important role of accounting technicians in business and the public sector.

I would like to congratulate ATI collectively, but especially Mr. Aidan Collins, your new president, and Ms. Gay Sheehan, your chief executive, as you take this major step forward in increasing the organization's visibility.

As you know, IFAC, the International Federation of Accountants, is the global organization for the accountancy profession. Our mission is to serve the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong and stable economies worldwide.

Consistent with that mission, we recognize the important role that accounting technicians play in providing a wide range of taxation and accountancy services to organizations of all sizes and types, and in contributing to business growth and development. We are proud to call Accounting Technicians Ireland one of our own, your organization having joined IFAC in 1991 and having been a strong supporter of our work since that time.

During its meeting in Dublin, Ireland, last week, the Board of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) agreed to hold a G-20 Accountancy Summit on July 23-24 in London to obtain the perspectives of accountancy institutes on how the profession can best contribute to strengthening the global financial system.

"Our goal is to identify and summarize the collective viewpoints of IFAC and accountancy institutes in G-20 countries and to submit these to the G-20 Working Groups prior to their September meeting," says IFAC President Robert Bunting. "This will be a follow up to IFAC's letter to three G-20 Working Groups in March, in which we indicated our support of their recommendations to implement international standards, improve the international regulatory framework, and strengthen the roles of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank."

During the meeting, Board members considered the implications of the financial crisis and heard reports from the chairs of IFAC's independent standard-setting boards on their initiatives to update and develop new international auditing, education, ethics, and public sector accounting standards, particularly in those areas that would help the profession to address issues related to the financial crisis, and to adopt and promote their adoption and use by a wide group of stakeholders. Such adoption and implementation is vital to improving the transparency of the financial system and is consistent with G-20 recommendations.

In addition, the Board discussed how IFAC can best support small and medium practices, including assisting them in addressing issues emerging from the financial crisis and increasing awareness of the role of professional accountants in business in risk management, corporate governance, and transparent financial reporting.

"In addressing the current financial crisis, IFAC has remained focused on its commitment to serving the public by strengthening the profession and working together with other constituencies-business leaders, governments, international organizations, and regulators-to strengthen financial reporting and auditing," emphasizes Mr. Bunting.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 123 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce. Through its independent standard-setting boards, IFAC sets international ethics, auditing and assurance, education, and public sector accounting standards. It also issues guidance to encourage high-quality performance by professional accountants in business.

The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) released its 2008 annual report today, highlighting initiatives to help restore global financial stability and, in addition, describing how some of IFAC's core work-developing international standards and guidance-became even more relevant in the current economic environment.

"As a result of the crisis, some of the ideas IFAC has been communicating for decades are resonating with greater force," said Ian Ball, Chief Executive Officer. "Chief among these is the need for convergence to global standards."

The report features messages from IFAC's immediate Past President Fermín del Valle, IFAC Chief Executive Officer Ian Ball, and Public Interest Oversight Board Chair Professor Stavros Thomadakis, who commented, "As in past years, IFAC has continued its commitment to the public interest, both in what has been achieved already and in priorities established for the future." In addition, it includes reports from the chairs of the Consultative Advisory Groups to IFAC's independent standard-setting boards.

A key feature of the report is its Service Delivery section, which compares IFAC's planned services with those delivered in five areas:

• Standards and Guidance
• Promoting Quality
• International Collaboration Activities
• Representation of the Accountancy Profession in the Public Interest
• Information Services

"This section of the annual report-which comprehensively describes the services delivered by IFAC in 2008-is critical in demonstrating IFAC's accountability to its stakeholders," said Mr. Ball, adding, "For this reason, we have sought and received assurance from our independent auditors about the reliability of this information."

The annual report describes the actions taken, over the past year, by IFAC and its standard-setting boards in advancing convergence of auditing, ethics, and public sector accounting standards; revising and updating the independence standards of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants; establishing a new framework for International Education Standards; and developing new benchmark guidance for professional accountants in business, as well as for small- and medium-sized practices.

The IFAC 2008 annual report can be downloaded from the IFAC website at www.ifac.org/About/2008-annual-report.php. Print copies may be obtained by sending an email with your mailing address to communications@ifac.org.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 123 countries, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce. In addition to setting international public sector financial reporting standards through the IPSASB, IFAC, through its independent standard-setting boards, sets ethics, auditing and assurance, and education standards. It also issues guidance to encourage high-quality performance by professional accountants in business.

Speaking yesterday to staff at the World Bank in Washington, D.C., Robert L. Bunting, President of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), said that the global accounting profession, with the support of the World Bank, must move ahead decisively with implementing a single set of high-quality international financial reporting and auditing standards. "Implementation is vital to strengthening global financial systems, especially during this time of economic crisis," stated Mr. Bunting. 

He said that IFAC is committed to working closely with the World Bank and other institutions to deliver assistance efficiently where it can have the greatest impact. He cited two critical areas where the two organizations must build on current synergy:

• To establish the appropriate professional accounting infrastructures and legal and regulatory mechanisms in developing and other countries; these are necessary pre-requisites for the effective implementation of standards; and
• To urge reforms of public sector financial management systems, encouraging increased government accountability and the adoption of accrual accounting where resources permit.

Mr. Bunting emphasized IFAC support for the extension of work in these areas by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

He also noted that IFAC has called on the G20 to support the World Bank's Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) initiative as a tool to assess a country's financial reporting architecture and measure the future effectiveness of economic reforms resulting from the economic crisis.

In his remarks, Mr. Bunting also pointed out that small- and medium-sized entities (SMEs) and micro-entities require special attention. Some of these entities will be the next Microsofts, Googles, and IKEAs, contributing new jobs, innovation, and wealth to national and international economies if they are allowed to innovate and grow.  "SMEs face challenges that are exacerbated in times of economic crisis-the ability to obtain capital and the rising costs of fuel, supplies, and other factors of production," Mr. Bunting explained. "We must take care not to further exacerbate these challenges through unnecessary and inappropriate re-regulation of the private sector and we must consider the cost-burden of their meeting regulatory and compliance requirements."

While IFAC-with 158 members in 123 countries and jurisdictions-is known for its work in establishing international standards for auditing, education, ethics, and public sector accounting, Mr. Bunting pointed out that one of its less-recognized roles will increase in importance in the coming years: as a facilitator and driver of the adoption and implementation of high-quality international standards.

"IFAC is committed to providing leadership on implementation issues by encouraging and facilitating collaboration among firms, practitioners, member bodies, regulators, and other stakeholders," stated Bunting, adding, "To do so effectively, the world must agree on a single set of standards."

To view Mr. Bunting's full speech, go to the IFAC Media Center at http://www.ifac.org/MediaCenter/?q=node/view/638.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 158 members and associates in 123 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce. Through its independent standard-setting boards, IFAC sets international ethics, auditing and assurance, education, and public sector accounting standards. It also issues guidance to encourage high-quality performance by professional accountants in business.

1) The Financial Crisis and the Opportunities for Change

A. Rahm Emanuel, President Obama's White House Chief of Staff, has stated, "Never let a serious crisis go to waste....it's an opportunity to do things you couldn't do before." It is certainly too great a crisis for IFAC to sit out. There are opportunities that we and other public interest enterprises cannot afford to miss. In IFAC's case:

1. Recognition of the importance of accounting and auditing is at a high point.
2. The interconnectedness of the world's financial markets and economies has been demonstrated in a resounding way.
3. The concern for a "level playing field" in the financial markets has created momentum for convergence of financial standards.

B. The Financial Crisis is a game changer for IFAC, as well as for other international institutions like the World Bank. We must act now and do so decisively to counteract the crisis as much as possible. For IFAC, we are faced with two tranches of economic reform:

• In one tranche are those working to stabilize banks and improve the flow of credit; this is an area in which IFAC's role is that of a minor player;
• In the other tranche are those working on the re-regulation of financial markets; here, IFAC has a major role to play.

The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) endorses the proposals to enhance global financial regulation and improve the transparency of the international financial system that were issued in the G20 Communiqué on the world economic crisis on April 2 in London.

The G20 objectives are consistent with many of the recommendations that IFAC sent to the G20 Working Groups prior to the London summit, such as the call for implementing the Financial Stability Board's 12 key International Standards and Codes (which include International Standards on Auditing); making significant progress toward a single set of high-quality global accounting standards; making improvements in the international regulatory framework; and strengthening the roles of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. (See IFAC's submission at www.ifac.org/financial-crisis).

"We support the G20 in building a reformed international financial system," states Ian Ball, Chief Executive Officer of IFAC. "The accountancy profession will have a vital role to play moving forward, and IFAC will continue to emphasize the measures we suggested in our recommendations to the G20 last week."

Among IFAC's recommendations were the adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) in all jurisdictions and the provision by the G20 of sufficient resources to develop and disseminate implementation guidance for the global standards they support. IFAC also proposed:

• Strengthening of the International Monetary Fund's Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency through the application of IPSASs;
• Support for the establishment of well-governed professional accountancy bodies in countries where they do not currently exist;
• Continued support for the World Bank's Reports on Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) initiative;
• The establishment of an international, principles-based threshold of competencies for senior financial officers in public interest entities; and
• That the G20 ensure its actions are supportive of the small business sector.

IFAC is developing a further set of recommendations that builds on the proposals in the G20 Communiqué.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 122 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce. Through its independent standard-setting boards, IFAC sets international ethics, auditing and assurance, education, and public sector accounting standards. It also issues guidance to encourage high-quality performance by professional accountants in business.

Robert L. Bunting, President of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), was recognized for his contributions to accounting ethics, governance, and the public interest by the Loyola Marymount University's (LMU) College of Business Administration in Los Angeles on March 17. In accepting the award from Dr. Lawrence Kalbers of the Center for Accounting Ethics, Governance, and the Public Interest, he offered some views on ways to solve the current worldwide financial crisis and discussed the role that the international accounting community must play in the global recovery.

Featured as a guest of the school's Distinguished Speaker Series, Mr. Bunting told students, faculty, and members of the general public, "It is important for regulators to resist knee-jerk reactions, scapegoats, and silver bullets as they seek to shift the direction of national regulation in the midst of our current financial crisis." He emphasized that "regulation must be pragmatic and cost effective" and its cost must not exceed the benefit to the public. In particular, he cautioned regulators about the unintended burdens that regulations can place on small and medium enterprises, which are vital to global economic growth.

Among the subjects Mr. Bunting covered was "fair-value accounting," which he feels has come under undue criticism for its unreliability in shallow, illiquid markets. He believes that this kind of assessment only deflects attention from the more meaningful aspects of the world's current financial woes.

He also spoke about the disadvantages of a practice under consideration in some quarters: mandatory audit firm rotation. "While firm rotation might seem to remove any bias that may be attached to past decisions, it makes no sense at all," he emphasized adding, "In most parts of the world there are not enough choices to allow for this without forcing companies to choose audit firms that have no expertise in their industry."

He explained that a number of countries have experimented with-and subsequently abandoned-the concept as almost impossible to implement. Yet, it is being considered as a remedy to the Satyam scandal in India. Mr. Bunting pointed out that it would not be a pragmatic solution and would certainly set the country apart from nearly all of its trading partners- and represent a step backwards from the creation of a true global economic community.

"We must resist a retreat back into a national focus, with such manifestations as protectionism, national carve-outs of standards and regulations, and other short-sighted political solutions," Mr. Bunting warned. He suggested strengthening the Financial Stability Forum, which brings together national bodies of sector-specific regulators, central bankers, and industry supervisors, and the International Federation of Independent Audit Regulators, a newer organization, to deal with the consequences of the increasingly integrated global economy.

Mr. Bunting added, "IFAC has experience in understanding how to make an international organization work, and we are ready and willing to help any groups, especially those who do not have experience in the standard-setting arena."

Robert L. Bunting was elected president of IFAC in November 2008 and has been an IFAC Board member since 2005. He is a past Chairman of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 122 countries and jurisdictions, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce. In addition to setting international auditing and assurance standards through The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), IFAC sets ethics, education, and public sector accounting standards through its independent standard-setting boards. It also issues guidance to encourage high-quality performance by professional accountants in business.

Introduction
Good morning. I'd like to thank Dr. Kalbers and the Center for Accounting Ethics, Governance & the Public Interest for inviting me here today. I would also like to thank all of you for taking time from your busy schedules to hear what I have to say about restoring integrity to the global financial system, which, I'm sure you will agree, is in dire straits.

Before we get started, I would like to extend a particular welcome to the students in the audience. While it's true that you're inheriting a world that is in the worst financial shape that it has been in many decades, it's a great time to be entering the accountancy profession.

The importance of accounting and auditing is being reinforced as it never could be in times of plenty. For example, who in the accounting world ever would have thought that we would be asked to explain "fair value" to our non-accounting friends and even strangers who have a sudden interest in a financial reporting concept-let alone that they would be interested in our responses? This is, indeed, a rare time for the accountancy profession.

• You will be entering a truly global profession in terms of rapid convergence to a single set of auditing and financial reporting standards.
• You will be on the ground floor of new systems for regulating the profession and the global financial markets.
• And, you may be participating in a debate about the purpose of financial reporting: Is it for regulators and marketplace stability, or for investors and credit grantors?

Now, I'd like to focus specifically on the economic crisis.

Just before his untimely death in July 2008, Rashad Malik, the Commissioner of the SEC in Pakistan, wrote a very thought-provoking article on ethics and business.

In it, he suggested that ethics, as standards of society, do not exist in a vacuum but have to be evaluated with reference to accepted thresholds, actions, and feelings. To what extent, he asked, can the regulatory environment in a jurisdiction take account of ethical issues? At first sight, regulatory environment or statutory law do not give much attention to core ethical issues. The regulation in any system does not mention ethics and no legal texts refer to ethical concerns. The regulatory environment, however, does take account of ethics, for example, through enforcement and dispute settlement outcomes, which inevitably reflect certain values about how society perceives actions.

In today’s environment our thoughts on corporate governance immediately turn to visions of boards of directors rewarding themselves with lavish bonuses or unscrupulous owners creating corporate giants without substance. The names of Madoff and Satyam are on everyone’s lips today. In the papers this week, I have seen the initials of seven people accused of swindling Dh 1.8 billion from the Dubai Islamic Bank. A year ago, we were all talking about corporate failure at the Northern Rock Building Society. And before that, the discussion over coffee would have been Enron and WorldCom.

But corporate governance is much bigger than personal gain by a few key individuals in the upper levels of a company. The core of ethical concerns with regard to international economic relations usually comprise human rights, labor standards, environmental protection, and more recently extended to cooperation on anti-terrorism, anti money laundering, and transparency.

Many large companies have ethics and compliance officers. Why? Because there are so many expectations of business and so little public agreement on what ethics means at the detailed level that companies develop Codes of Conduct by which to govern their actions as corporate citizens and  as individuals working in that corporate culture. Of course, a written Code of Conduct does not mean much. Enron was loudly acclaimed as having a model Code with its Visions and Values platform encompassing Respect, Integrity, Communication, and Excellence values statement.

Where are we today?

While businesses brace for the worst and adjust their financial and operating strategies, the indicators from an ethics perspective are equally daunting:

• Business confidence has reached a record low
• 70% of workers in one recent study admitted they have already downloaded confidential company data for future personal use if they find themselves looking for a job
• 90% of compliance, legal, finance and risk executives surveyed say they expect fraud activity to increase in 2009

It is difficult to continue talking about the value of high ethical standards and the importance of individual action when the outlook for a company is grim.

Patricia Harned is President of the Ethics Resource Center. She has helped to shape ethics training for the securities industry in the U.S. She believes the Audit Committee can be a stabilizing influence in ethical matters today.

They must be alert to the fact that conditions are ripe for financial fraud – even in your business. I was talking to one senior partner from the national office of one of the Big 4 audit firms this week. He told me that his office had 200 open files of situations where they were considering a going concern qualification as part of the audit report. In all companies that are facing this trauma, the temptation to skirt the rules will grow. Pressures rising, revenue falling and a perception that the future will only be worse are the ingredients for taking “out of the box” survival strategies too far.

Transparency should be your company mantra. The media is fixated on the economic situation and, as a result, stakeholders are developing impressions of corporate activity from sources wholly apart from the Corporate Communications Department.

I am indebted to Dr. Saidi, who is not only Chief Economist of DIFC but also the Executive Director of the Hawkamah Institute of Corporate Governance, set up here in GCC in 2006. He referred me to their 2007–2008 survey report on corporate governance in MENA. I encourage you to read it.

The key to success will be stakeholder trust, and trust is built through consistent transparency. The ethics compliance officer and audit committee should help set the tone for communication and disclosure. The Hawkahma survey identified that most, but not all, companies provide financial statements but non-financial disclosure could be improved, 32% of GCC companies do not publish an annual report in English, only 23% of companies publicly preannounce the date of their AGM, only 25% of banks and listed firms provide information on their dividend policies on line, 19% of GCC companies have no website at all, and only 2% of GCC companies hold analyst meetings or conference calls. You cannot be a credible company on the world stage if you do not communicate. We heard from Dr. Nasser Saidi earlier today about his vision of the GCC creating a common currency, becoming the third global currency, and a global capital market center. I strongly suggest that the viability of the GCC, as a global market, will be dependent on local businesses listed on that center being seen at the leading edge of good corporate governance and leading proponents of full and complete disclosure of financial and non-financial information. Only then will businesses from around the world feel confident in seeking to raise money on this exchange.

There is no one country that has a perfect system of corporate governance. We can all learn from each other. Don’t reject one country’s model on the basis that it was not made here. Take the best elements from different frameworks and adopt them to your environment. And all countries have weaknesses that need to be overcome. Whether it is the U.S. preference for having the Chairman and CEO roles held by one person, in spite of overwhelming global views that this is a bad idea, or the GCC experience that only 25% of listed family-owned enterprises have a family council in place, we can all improve. I want to recognize good governance that I have seen since I arrived in Dubai last week. The Abu Dhabi Ship Building company announced its general meeting in the papers. I was pleased to note that one of the items on the agenda was a proposal to amend the company’s Articles of Association to comply with the Corporate Governance Code for Joint Stock Companies. In the same paper, Qatar Telecom announced its annual meeting, which included a proposal to determine the remuneration of the directors for the year ended December 2008.

So where do you look for good ideas? The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) published the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance: 2004. They are intended to assist governments in their efforts to evaluate and improve the legal, institutional, and regulatory framework for corporate governance in their countries, and to provide guidance and suggestions for stock exchanges, investors, corporations, and other parties that have a role in the process of developing good corporate governance. Last month IFAC published International Good Practice Guidance (IGPG) that provides a framework and principles-based guidance for the professional accountant in business and their organizations on evaluating and improving governance in organizations. It is based on the OECD principles and can be downloaded free of charge from the IFAC website. Look to Appendix B for a list of useful resources.

I am a member of the Institute of Directors in my home country of Canada. To become a director of a publicly listed company there, it is very desirable, although not yet mandatory, that you take 12–15 days of training and pass an examination run by the Institute of Directors to show you have the overall skills needed to act properly as a corporate director. The companies that provide directors and officers liability insurance are beginning to ask how many directors on a board have had this training and rewarding companies who recruit these qualified directors by lowering premiums on the D&O insurance. Those boards are a better risk.

And finally, I call on each of you to lead by example. Your credibility as a professional has taken you a lifetime to achieve. It can take a single unethical action to destroy. And not only do you destroy your own reputation, but you damage the reputation of everyone from the same professional background or holding a similar job title. Headline journalism brands us all. The 999 members of boards of directors who act ethically and apply good corporate governance practices are forgotten in the 1 case that is reported in the press.

I liked the 5 Cs of Linda de Beer’s presentation. They are worth repeating:

• Conscience – acting with intellectual honesty
• Care
• Competence – knowledge and skills, but also a willingness to be reviewed
• Commitment – diligence in the performance of duties
• Courage – to always act with integrity

Thank you.

To further help small and medium practices (SMPs) in the implementation of international standards, IFAC has published a Guide to Quality Control for Use by Small- and Medium-sized Practices. This non-authoritative implementation guide is intended to help SMPs understand and efficiently apply International Standard on Quality Control (ISQC) 1, Quality Control for Firms that Perform Audits and Reviews of Financial Statements, and Other Assurance and Related Services, as redrafted under the IAASB's Clarity Project* (http://web.ifac.org/clarity-center/index).

Developed by CGA-Canada for IFAC's Small and Medium Practices (SMP) Committee, the guide uses an integrated case study to illustrate how to implement the requirements of ISQC 1, and includes two sample firm policy manuals and key checklists and forms. It can be downloaded from IFAC's online bookstore at www.ifac.org/Store/. A Microsoft Word version is available to allow for translation and adaptation by institutes and small firms.

Sylvie Voghel, SMP Committee Chair, remarked, "the guide will help SMPs provide high-quality services to their clients and contribute to improving audit quality."

In December 2007, the committee published IFAC's first implementation guide, the Guide to International Standards on Auditing for Use in the Audits of Small- and Medium-sized Entities (ISA Guide). Last year, this was IFAC's second most popular publication and has been translated into over 10 languages. An updated version, to support the redrafted ISAs and accommodate feedback from users of the current edition, is scheduled for release in December 2009.

These guides form part of the SMP Committee's strategy to provide comprehensive practical support for SMPs, in the form of implementation materials and web-based resources. For more information, visit the International Center for SMPs at www.ifac.org/SMP/, read the committee's strategy, and keep updated by signing up for the free quarterly SMP eNews.

About IFAC
IFAC (www.ifac.org/) is the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest by strengthening the profession and contributing to the development of strong international economies. IFAC is comprised of 157 members and associates in 122 countries, representing more than 2.5 million accountants in public practice, education, government service, industry, and commerce. Through its independent standard-setting boards, IFAC sets international standards on ethics, auditing and assurance, education, and public sector accounting. It also issues guidance to encourage high-quality performance by professional accountants in business and those working in small and medium practices.