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  • Developing and Reporting Supplementary Financial Measures—Definition, Principles, and Disclosure

    International Good Practice Guidance

    The IFAC Professional Accountants in Business (PAIB) Committee has released International Good Practice Guidance, Developing and Reporting Supplementary Financial Measures, to provide recommendations for the use of supplementary financial measures as part of high-quality financial reporting in organizations. Since supplementary financial measures fall outside the remit of GAAP, they may lack transparency, comparability, and consistency—essential qualities for investors and other stakeholders wanting to assess financial performance.

    IFAC
    English
  • Good Governance in the Public Sector

    Vincent Tophoff
    Senior Technical Manager
    INTOSAI Subcommittee on Internal Control Standards Annual Meeting
    Vilnius, Lithuania English

    During the annual meeting of International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI)’s Subcommittee on Internal Control Standards, IFAC Senior Technical Manager Vincent Tophoff gave a presentation on the International Framework Good Governance in the Public Sector, a joint project of IFAC and the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA) published in July 2014.

    The presentation discusses the key definitions, structure, and guiding principles of the Framework, as well as its purpose and development process.

  • International Framework: Good Governance in the Public Sector, Executive Summary

    The International Framework: Good Governance in the Public Sector, jointly developed by IFAC and the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA) to help improve and encourage effective public sector governance. The Framework encourages better governed and managed public sector organizations by improving decision making and the efficient use of resources.

    IFAC
    English
  • Upgrading Risk Management and Internal Control in Your Organization

    Vincent Tophoff and J. Stephen McNally
    IFAC Senior Technical Manager and Campbell Soup Company Finance Director and Comptroller
    Institute of Management Accountants’ Annual Conference
    Minneapolis, MN, US English

    Following a well-received presentation during the 2013 Institute of Management Accountants (IMA)’s Annual Conference, IFAC Senior Technical Manager Vincent Tophoff and Campbell Soup Company Finance Director and Comptroller J. Stephen McNally gave a follow-up presentation during the 2014 conference to discuss additional risk management and internal control (RM/IC) issues and considerations.

    This presentation addresses the maturity of RM/IC arrangements in an organization and details a case study looking at how Campbell Soup assessed the RM/IC arrangements of its North American co-manufacturing operations. The presentation concludes with a call to action for professional accountants to:

    • Build subject-matter-expertise in RM/IC frameworks, standards, and other guidance;
    • Educate audit committee, senior executives, operating units, and functional management on RM/IC;
    • Support line management by providing high-quality information;
    • Establish good RM/IC for the finance function; and
    • Champion the importance of continuous RM/IC improvement.

    This presentation follows the June 2013 presentation, Leveraging Effective Risk Management and Internal Control for your Organization.

  • International Framework: Good Governance in the Public Sector

    The International Framework: Good Governance in the Public Sector was jointly developed by IFAC and the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA) to help improve and encourage effective public sector governance. The Framework encourages better governed and managed public sector organizations by improving decision making and the efficient use of resources.

    IFAC
    English
  • Desarrollo e Información de Medidas Financieras Complementarias

    Chris Hicks, Director, Investigación, Guía y Apoyo, CPA Canada y Vincent Tophoff, Gerente Técnico Senior, IFAC
    Article for Member Bodies Spanish

    Cómo los Contadores Profesionales en los Negocios pueden mejorar el entendimiento del desempeño organizacional para los terceros interesados

    Muchos líderes organizacionales consideran que las medidas desarrolladas bajo los principios de contabilidad generalmente aceptados (PCGA) por lo regular no capturan en su totalidad el desempeño actual de una organización o sus perspectivas futuras. Para llenar este vacío, frecuentemente proporcionan medidas financieras adicionales que no son específicamente definidas por las normas contables: medidas financieras complementarias.

    Muchas de estas medidas son ampliamente utilizadas tanto en la información interna como externa, por ejemplo, la utilidad antes de intereses, impuestos, depreciación y amortización (EBITDA, por sus siglas en inglés); la utilidad subyacente (Underlying Profit); y el flujo de efectivo disponible  (Free Cash Flow). Sin embargo, algunos comentaristas consideran que las organizaciones utilizan dichas medidas en su información externa para ocultar un bajo desempeño.

    Para ayudar a los contadores profesionales a abordar esta cuestión y desarrollar e informar medidas que sean útiles, el Comité de los Contadores Profesionales en los Negocios (PAIB, por sus siglas en inglés) de la Federación Internacional de Contadores (IFAC, por sus siglas en inglés) ha emitido una propuesta de guía, Developing and Reporting Supplementary Financial Measures (Desarrollo  e Información de Medidas Financieras Complementarias).

    Esta propuesta de guía ofrece principios relativos a las cualidades que una medida debería tener y las revelaciones que debieran acompañarla si fuera a ser informada externamente. La guía está dirigida a todas las organizaciones que quieran utilizar medidas financieras complementarias, sin importar su tamaño o estructura, si es privada o pública. La guía también puede ser aplicada a medidas no financieras, tales como las emisiones de gases tipo invernadero o la producción equivalente de barriles de petróleo.

    Consideraciones para el desarrollo e información

    Con base en las características cualitativas de utilidad de la información financiera, [1] la guía recomienda que los contadores profesionales consideren ciertos atributos al desarrollar e informar medidas financieras complementarias. Una medida financiera complementaria debe ser:

    • Relevante—utilizada por la administración para evaluar el desempeño o empleada por usuarios conocedores de la información externa.
    • Completa—proporciona toda la información necesaria para que un usuario entienda  el concepto que se describe.
    • Neutral—no tendencioso, ponderado o manipulado para obtener un resultado deseado.
    • Transparente—se alinea con sus componentes y se acompaña por una explicación suficiente para evitar en lo posible que esté libre de incertidumbre y error en la estimación.
    • Entendible y verificable—permite que los usuarios conocedores entiendan su construcción y limitaciones y concluyan que informa verazmente lo que pretende describir.
    • Comparable—entre las entidades en la misma industria y entre periodos.
    • Oportuna—informada al mismo tiempo que los estados financieros correspondientes.

     Consejos de revelación

    En adición a estos atributos, la guía proporciona ciertos consejos de revelación de las medidas financieras complementarias.

    • Para evitar confusión, las medidas financieras complementarias deben ser claramente definidas. Adicionalmente, el propósito de una medida debe ser revelado. Más aún, las medidas financieras complementarias deben ser etiquetadas como tales y estar claramente diferenciadas de las medidas de los PCGA.
    • Cuando cambien los componentes de una medida, o cambien sus cálculos, se debe explicar el motivo del cambio y deben reformularse las cantidades comparables con las nuevas bases de cálculo.
    • Una medida financiera complementaria debe incluir una conciliación cuantitativa con la medida más directamente comparable que fue informada como medida bajo los PCGA.
    • Una medida financiera complementaria debe ser presentada con la suficiente información que permita a un usuario entender sus componentes  y cuidar que la medida sea completa, neutral, y libre de error.
    • Una medida financiera complementaria reportada externamente debe ser presentada de tal manera que complemente pero no ensombrezca las medidas bajo los PCGA de una organización.

    Dada la ausencia de definiciones de medidas financieras complementarias, muchas jurisdicciones regulan su uso y revelación al informarse externamente. Consecuentemente, la propuesta de guía debe ser considerada a la luz de las regulaciones en la jurisdicción particular en donde sea aplicada.

    La propuesta de guía incluye también una lista limitada de recursos relevantes de IFAC, sus organismos miembros, y otras organizaciones relevantes.

    Cómo comentar

    El Comité de PAIB invita a todos los terceros interesados a comentar sobre la propuesta de guía; los comentarios se requieren antes del 26 de mayo de 2014.

    Sobre las Guías de Buena Prácticas Internacionales
    Las Guías de Buenas Prácticas Internacionales (GBPI) emitidas por el Comité de PAIB cubren áreas de importancia internacional y estratégica en las cuales probablemente se ven involucrados  los contadores profesionales. Al emitir guías con base en principios, IFAC busca fortalecer un enfoque común y consistente en aquellos aspectos del trabajo de los contadores profesionales en los negocios no cubiertos por normas internacionales. IFAC busca identificar con claridad los principios que sean generalmente aceptados internacionalmente y aplicables a organizaciones de todos los tamaños en el comercio, la industria, la educación, y los sectores públicos y no lucrativos. Las guías emitidas previamente están disponibles en el sitio web de IFAC (IFAC website), que incluyen el prefacio a las Guías de Buenas Prácticas internacionales (Preface to IFAC’s International Good Practice Guidance).

    Sobre el Comité de PAIB
    El Comité de PAIB (PAIB Committee) sirve a los organismos miembros de IFAC y a los contadores ´profesionales a nivel mundial quienes trabajan en el comercio, la industria, los Servicios financieros, la educación, y los sectores públicos y no lucrativos. Su propósito es promover  y contribuir a valorar a los contadores profesionales en los negocios al crear conciencia de las responsabilidades importantes que desempeñan los contadores profesionales, apoyando a los organismos miembros a mejorar la competencia de sus miembros, y facilitando la comunicación y el intercambio de buenas prácticas e ideas.

    Sobre IFAC 
    IFAC  es la organización global de la profesión de la contaduría que se dedica a server al interés público mediante el fortalecimiento de la profesión y contribuyendo al desarrollo de economías internacionales sólidas. IFAC está constituida por 179 miembros y asociados en 130 países y jurisdicciones, representando aproximadamente a 2.5 millones de contadores en la práctica pública, la educación, el Servicio gubernamental, la industria y el comercio.

    Traducción de Raúl González Lima, C.P.C. y P.C.F., miembro del Colegio de Contadores Públicos de México y del Instituto Mexicano de Contadores Públicos. Miembro del Comité de Contadores Profesionales en los Negocios de IFAC.

     

    Translated by the Instituto Nacional de Contadores Públicos (Colombia).



    [1] Como se identifican en el Marco Conceptual de la Información Financiera emitido por el Consejo de Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad (IASB, por sus siglas en inglés) y el Consejo de Normas de Contabilidad Financiera (FASB, por sus siglas en inglés) de los Estados Unidos.

    Developing and Reporting Supplementary Financial Measures

  • Think CFOs Only Handle Finances? How Tomorrow's Finance Leaders Are Evolving

    IFAC News, January 2014 English

    In addition to their traditional roles as financial gatekeepers, chief financial officers (CFOs) and others in related finance leadership roles are now expected to participate in driving organizations toward achieving their objectives. As part of organizational leadership, CFOs are expected to increase their support of strategic and operational decision making in a “business partnering” capacity, in addition to fulfilling traditional stewardship responsibilities relating to governance, compliance, and control.

    Seeking a global debate among professional accountancy organizations, employers of professional accountants, and other stakeholders on the key implications for the education, training, and development of professional accountants, the IFAC Professional Accountants in Business (PAIB) Committee recently released The Role and Expectations of a CFO: A Global Debate on Preparing Accountants for Finance Leadership as a starting point.

    The Discussion Paper establishes a principles-based framework for understanding the changing expectations, scope, and mandate of the CFO and related finance leadership roles. The initiative seeks to capture the key requirements of the CFO role and highlight what professional accountants need to do to prepare for leadership roles in finance; support professional accountancy organizations (PAOs) and employers in their efforts to prepare professional accountants for career progression to finance leadership; and highlight the benefits of a professional accountant serving as the CFO.

    IFAC encourages a global dialogue involving a broad range of stakeholders, including PAOs and employers, who prepare accountants for finance leadership; regulators, who are striving for well-governed organizations and market integrity; and professional accountants, who need to consider how to develop the necessary competences for finance leadership, such as through appropriate education and experience, as well as lifelong learning.

    IFAC seeks responses and perspectives on five key questions:

    • What are the main requirements and expectations of CFOs and finance leaders?
    • What are the implications for skills and competency needed?
    • What are the key actions for PAOs and employers to prepare professional accountants for finance leadership?
    • What are the main factors for professional accountants to consider in striving for finance leadership?
    • What might regulators and other stakeholders do to influence the professionalism of finance leadership?

    The Discussion Paper supplements outreach through various forums to facilitate discussion and closer relationships between professional accountants, PAOs, employers, regulators, and other stakeholders, the first of which was the Global PAIB Forum in Beijing, China, on October 16, 2013, hosted by the Chinese Institute of CPAs. 

    Respondents can also submit their comments electronically through the IFAC website, using the “Submit a Comment” button on the Discussion Paper page (in Publications & Resources). An At a Glance and Resources are also available.

  • PAIB eNews: January 2014

    New York, New York English

    Welcome to IFAC’s Professional Accountants in Business (PAIB) Committee eNews on Finance Leadership and Development.

    PAIB Committee Releases Financial Leadership Discussion Paper

    The IFAC Professional Accountants in Business (PAIB) Committee has issued a Discussion Paper, The Role of a CFO: A Global Debate on Preparing Accountants for Finance Leadership, to stimulate discussion on preparing accountants for finance leadership roles, including chief financial officer (CFO). Five principles highlight the changing expectation, scope, and mandate of the CFO and finance leadership roles. The paper recommends what actions professional accountancy organizations and employers can take to prepare professional accountants for career progression to finance leadership. These principles and recommended actions raise awareness of the implications for the education, training, and development of professional accountants.

    Those interested in participating in this global debate on finance leadership can submit their comments electronically through the IFAC website, using the “Summit a Comment” button on the Discussion Paper page. Comments are requested by March 17, 2014.

    An At a Glance summary and a collection of related resources were released along with the Discussion Paper and are available online.

    Global Knowledge Gateway: New IFAC Resource Center Launching Soon

    IFAC is thrilled to introduce an exciting new development for the IFAC website: IFAC’s Global Knowledge Gateway, a portal for accountancy news, views, resources, and thought leadership from IFAC, its member organizations, and other notable groups and individuals. The Gateway answers the call for IFAC to better leverage its position as the global accountancy organization. Launching in the first quarter of 2014, the Gateway will be a place for professional accountants to access high-quality resources; learn about emerging areas of the profession like sustainability and integrated reporting; stay connected to the most pressing accountancy issues and news of the day; and interact by exchanging views, making recommendations, and sharing what they find with their own social networks.

    ACCA, IMA Launch Financial Leadership Website

    The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) and the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) launched a dedicated website for financial leadership and performance (www.roleofcfo.com), which includes resources on starting a career in finance, mid-career options, and becoming and being a CFO. Recent reports include:

    • Future Pathways to Financial Leadership looks at how the future role of the CFO is expected to evolve and the career experiences likely to be most beneficial to the next generation of CFOs.
    • Digital Darwinism presents the top 10 technology trends that will have the potential to significantly reshape the business and accountancy landscape.
    New Competency Crisis Website Launched by IMA

    In response to what it sees as a competency crisis, the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) has launched a new website “designed to encourage discourse focused on the issue of the talent gap in the accounting profession; spur action dedicated to finding solutions; and create a community among professionals, students, employers, and academics where they can share their views on the crisis.” This new campaign includes a presence on Twitter, Facebook, Google+, YouTube, and LinkedIn, as well as the website, www.CompetencyCrisis.org.

    Communication Key in High-Performing Finance Teams

    A recent In the Black article discusses the development of a high-performing finance team, including the view of some that CFOs aren’t focusing sufficiently on building teams that drive success and the “surprising” role individual talent plays in team success. The article says “scientific studies and company analysis have consistently shown that effective communication is pivotal in team performance, directly impacting a company’s bottom line.” In the Black is published by CPA Australia.

    Improved Decision Making, Efficiency in Public Sector Finance Leadership Focus of New CIMA Report

    The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) and the Institute for Government have produced a blueprint for change that will lead to better decision making and increased efficiency in the public sector. Finance Leadership for Government strives to provide a “structure to open debate about the role of financial leadership at the centre of large, devolved organisations, and to support the UK government’s work in building a much stronger corporate leadership model.”

    ICAEW Looks at Evolution of Finance Leadership Roles

    How has the role a finance director changed over the last 50 years? In a Finance & Management article, the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) looks at the role a finance professional plays in a successful, sustainable business and how this role has changed over time. “Finance Director—Then and Now” accesses what has changed and what has stayed the same, and discusses a few of the “must-have” skills for a finance director and others in finance leadership positions.

    Innovation and Finance Leadership Connection Explored in New CGMA Report

    A new report from CGMA, Managing Innovation: Harnessing the Power of Finance, identifies five areas “where finance leaders can have a critical impact on the way companies commercialize innovative ideas.” CGMA is a joint initiative of the American Institute of CPAs and the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants. The full report is available to CGMA members only.

    Recent ACCA Report Evaluates Financial Leadership and Accountancy in the UK Public Sector

    In a new report, the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) discusses how finance managers in UK public services are coping with the demands placed on them and how they can demonstrate improved value by providing more effective strategic financial leadership. The Importance of Strategic Financial Leadership in the UK Public Sector in a Time of Financial Austerity finds that “public sector bodies—including local councils, health authorities and hospitals, police, fire, and ambulance services—need to be more proactive in making clear to decision makers the financial costs and benefits of particular courses of action.”

    ICAEW: What Can the Public Sector Learn from the Private Sector?

    The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) report, A CFO at the Cabinet Table? Strengthening UK Government Finances for the Future, recommends the UK government appoint a cabinet-level civil servant with financial skills to help improve management of public finances. This appointment would be comparable to a group CFO in the private sector.

    Singapore CFO Institute, PwC Weigh in on Technology and the CFO

    Technology and the CFO: Focus Group Discussions on Data Security and Business Analysis, published by the Singapore CFO Institute and PwC, investigates the new challenges CFOs face in using new streams of data to accurately provide business forecasts while also mitigating the risk of data exposure.

    The Economist to Host CFO Summit in London

    The Economist will be hosting the 2014 CFO Summit on March 6, 2014, in London. The conference is a leading annual event that brings together more than 120 senior finance executives to discuss the evolution of the CFO function. Additionally, IFAC CEO Fayez Choudhury will be speaking during the event this year. Conference organizers are offering IFAC members, colleagues, and friends a 20% discount on admission (use the code IFAC20 when registering). For more information please visit: www.cfosummit.co.uk or email emeaevents@economist.com.

    IFAC Supports ACCA Research on Corporate Culture

    The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) has undertaken a major international research project investigating corporate culture and what influences individuals’ conduct in organizations. Specifically, the project looks at how behavior can be influenced for the long-term benefit of the company, its owners, and other stakeholders. Early last week, IFAC hosted three ACCA roundtable sessions in New York, allowing experts to exchange views on how corporate culture could be assessed and influenced. A previous roundtable series was held in London; additional roundtables are planned for Brussels, India, and the Middle East. For additional information, contact Paul Moxey, ACCA’s head of corporate governance and risk management, who is leading the research.